Decadal observations of tree regeneration following fire in boreal forests1

نویسندگان

  • Jill F. Johnstone
  • L. Viereck
چکیده

This paper presents data on early postfire tree regeneration. The data were obtained from repeated observations of recently burned forest stands along the Yukon – British Columbia border and in interior Alaska. Postfire measurements of tree density were made periodically for 20–30 years, providing direct observations of early establishment patterns in boreal forest. Recruitment rates of the dominant tree species in both study areas were highest in the first 5 years after fire, and additional net establishment was not observed after 10 years. The postfire population of spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP and Picea glauca (Moench) Voss s.l.) remained constant after the first decade in the two study areas. Populations of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) both declined after 10 years in mixed-species stands along the Yukon – British Columbia border. Mortality rates of aspen and pine were positively correlated with their initial densities, indicating that thinning occurred as a density-dependent process. At all sites, measurements of stand density and composition made early were highly correlated with those made late in the monitoring period, indicating that patterns of stand structure initiated within a few years after fire are maintained through subsequent decades of stand development. Résumé : Cet article présente des données sur la régénération établie peu de temps après feu, obtenues à partir d’observations répétées dans des peuplements forestiers récemment brûlés, situés le long de la frontière entre le Yukon et la Colombie-Britannique et à l’intérieur de l’Alaska. Des mesures de la densité des arbres ont été effectuées périodiquement au cours des 20 à 30 premières années après feu, fournissant ainsi des observations directes des patrons d’établissement de la régénération dans la forêt boréale. Le taux de recrutement des espèces forestières dominantes dans les deux aires d’étude était à son niveau le plus élevé lors des cinq premières années après feu. Aucun nouvel établissement net n’a été observé après 10 ans. Après la première décennie, la dimension des populations d’épinettes (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP et Picea glauca (Moench) Voss s.l.) établies après feu est demeurée constante dans les deux aires d’étude. Dans les peuplements mélangés situés le long de la frontière du Yukon, les populations de peuplier fauxtremble (Populus tremuloides Michx.) et de pin tordu latifolié (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) ont toutes deux décliné après 10 ans. Les taux de mortalité du peuplier et du pin étaient positivement corrélés avec leur densité initiale, ce qui indique que l’éclaircie suit un processus dépendant de la densité. Dans toutes les stations, il y a eu de fortes corrélations entre les mesures de la densité et de la composition des peuplements effectuées tôt dans la période de suivi et celles effectuées tard. Cela indique que les patrons de la structure du peuplement initiés quelques années après feu se maintiennent tout au long des décennies subséquentes du développement du peuplement. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Johnstone et al. 273

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تاریخ انتشار 2004